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01The deck · October 2026

Pumped Storage Projects

Are they really useful?

पंप स्टोरेज प्रकल्प: खरंच उपयोगी आहेत का?

An independent, bilingual data story on Maharashtra’s plan to turn hills in the Sahyadri into giant batteries. It tracks every project: the trees and forest it needs, the clearances it got, and what the people who live there say. This deck covers why the site exists, what each page holds, and how it was built.

are-psp-useful.pages.dev ↗
English & मराठी Astro · Cloudflare Pages Built 27–28 October 2026
a hill, made a battery + −
02Purpose · the question

Not whether India needs storage, but where it goes

A pumped storage plant is two reservoirs and a tunnel. At midday, when solar power is cheap, it pumps water uphill; in the evening, when power is dear, it lets the water fall back through turbines. Maharashtra is planning dozens of them, most on forested Sahyadri hilltops.

The site asks what each one costs the forest and the people who live around it, and sets that beside what it gives the grid.

39
projects tracked
1,64,674
trees to be felled, on record
public for 5 of 39 projects
3,211 ha
of forest land, on record
known for 32 of 39 projects
60,615 MW
in the pipeline
which weighs more?
03Purpose · the order of things

Trees first, and every number checkable

The story is told in a fixed order of importance, and it has to hold up when a developer, an official or a neighbour checks it.

  1. The forest. The trees and the whole Sahyadri ecosystem: species found nowhere else, corridors, sacred groves.
  2. The process. How environmental reviews are sidestepped, and how projects are imposed on local and Adivasi communities.
  3. The energy case. Power, emissions and cost, as supporting evidence — including what supporters say.
trees first 1 2 3

Independent

No money from developers, governments or parties. Built from official documents and 75 vetted outlets.

Labelled evidence

Every claim is Documented Reported Alleged or an Official claim. Allegations are always attributed by name.

Both figures, side by side

Karjat: 48,557 trees in the forest committee’s minutes, “about 48,000” in the developer’s EIA, 32,490 in the felling permission. All three are shown.

04Purpose · features

What every page carries

The site is static and light enough for a low-end phone, but each page brings the same set of helpers with it.

i ENमर

💡Did you know?

A bubble on every page opens 24 short facts picked for that page or project, each with its source and a WhatsApp button.

ⓘSource bubbles

Every number has an ⓘ. Tap it for the quoted sentence with the number highlighted, the document, its page and the evidence label.

अEnglish & मराठी

Every page in both languages, from one URL. The choice is remembered; a shared link opens in the sender’s language.

🔍Search everything

Ctrl/⌘+K, / or the 🔍 button searches projects, story chapters, glossary terms and pages at once.

📡RSS feed

/news.xml carries the news page, so readers can follow new reports in any feed reader.

⬇Download the data

Projects, timeline, news, citations, glossary and model inputs as JSON and CSV, under CC BY 4.0.

📖Glossary cards

The first use of ToR, EC, ESA, gram sabha and 40 other terms links to a plain-language card.

↗Share cards

A share button on every page and a ready image card for each story chapter, made for WhatsApp.

A Did you know? pop-up on the Karjat project page: the forest committee recorded 48,557 trees, the draft EIA said about 48,000, and the felling permission is for 32,490, with sources and WhatsApp and Share buttons.
💡 Did you know?
A source pop-up for the Karjat tree count: Documented label, the quoted sentence with 48557 highlighted, and a link to the FAC minutes of 2 December 2025, page 177.
ⓘ Source bubble, page 177
The search palette open with the query karjat: four projects and two story chapters match.
🔍 Search, Ctrl/⌘+K
The home page in Marathi.
मराठी, same URL
05Purpose · take action

Decisions are still being made

Study terms, clearances, gram sabhas and public hearings are still ahead for most projects. The Take action page says what a reader can do, and who is already working on the ground.

Groups working on this

Sahyadri Conservation and Sustainable Development Policy Study Group

सह्याद्री संवर्धन आणि शाश्वत विकास धोरण अभ्यास समूह

Save Sahyadri Campaign

सह्याद्री वाचवा अभियान
write it down, get it recorded objections

What you can do

  1. Know the facts. Read the story and check the projects near your district.
  2. Go to the gram sabha. Under PESA and the Forest Rights Act, forest land in many villages cannot be diverted without its consent.
  3. Object at the public hearing. Send written objections before the date and keep a stamped copy.
  4. Ask for the papers. File an RTI for the study terms, EIA report, forest proposal and tree count.
  5. Write to the decision makers. The expert committees, the collector, your MLA and MP, naming the Parivesh proposal number.
  6. Stand with forest-rights claims. Help families file and follow up individual and community claims.
  7. Document what you see. Photograph surveys, drilling or felling with date and place.
  8. Share, and correct. Share pages on WhatsApp and point people to the source.
  9. Volunteer. Help the groups with surveys, translation, legal work or outreach.

Lawful, peaceful action only. The site is independent and not affiliated with the groups listed; their contact details are on the site’s Take action page.

06The pages · 1 of 5

Home, and a story in ten chapters

Home opens on a Sahyadri photo and four headline numbers, then an animated explainer, How a hill becomes a battery: cheap daytime power, dear evening power, the cost to the forest, the cost to life around it. A fair box says what pumped storage is good for, and cards lead to every page.

Story is the long read: 48,557 trees · What lives here · The forest bill · How the review was sidestepped · Imposed, not designed · The promise · A battery that can burn coal · Built, not used · What supporters say · What I ask for. Each chapter ends with a share card.

ten short chapters 48,557
The home page: a monsoon photo of Matheran above Karjat and the site title with links to read the story or find a project.
/ · home
The animated explainer How a hill becomes a battery, with upper and lower reservoirs, a tunnel, turbines and four steps.
How a hill becomes a battery
The story page, What pumped storage asks of the Sahyadri, with its ten chapter links.
/story · 10 chapters
07The pages · 2 of 5

Projects: 39 dots on one ridge

Every pumped storage project planned in Maharashtra, 60,615 MW in all, in one table and on one map.

  • The table is sorted by trees to be felled, then forest land, then capacity — never by megawatts first. Filter by status, or show Western Ghats projects only.
  • The map (Leaflet on OpenStreetMap) places each project from its coordinates; dot size is MW, colour is the clearance stage.
  • A page per project: MW, trees, forest hectares, villages, a progress bar from MoU to operation, its timeline, its documents and a WhatsApp button.
39 dots, one ridge
The projects table sorted by trees, with a status filter and a Western Ghats only switch; Shirawta PSP is first with 64,729 trees.
/projects · sorted by trees
The projects map: dots along the Western Ghats from Nashik to the Goa border, coloured by status.
The map, dot size = MW
The Saidongar-1 PSP, Karjat page: 3,000 MW, 48,557 trees, 233 ha of forest land, 6 villages, and a clearance progress bar.
/projects/saidongar-1-karjat
08The pages · 3 of 5

Timeline and news, every morning

Timeline: 89 events — MoUs, study terms, clearances, felling orders, hearings and protests — newest first. It opens on the “Forest & people” filter, and can be narrowed by year, category, project or verified-only.

News: reports from a fixed list of 75 vetted outlets, newest first, with tag filters that put trees, ecosystem and consent first. A daily sync adds new items; anything not yet checked by a person carries a not yet reviewed badge. The same list is the /news.xml RSS feed.

every morning 07:40
The timeline page with its filters and the newest events.
/timeline · 89 events
The news page with tag filters and report cards.
/news · and /news.xml
09The pages · 4 of 5

Shortcuts, and the voices they skip

Shortcuts: 13 cards, each naming a safeguard in environmental or forest law, what happened instead, and the documents that show it. Example: the land law requires a resettlement plan, but Karjat’s draft EIA calls it “not applicable” by citing a 1,000 ha threshold — for a project that needs 377 ha. Filter by project; 7 are shown in official documents.

Voices: 14 records from the affected villages — gram sabha resolutions, public hearings and objections — attributed by name, with an evidence label on each.

the way around review →
The shortcuts page: 13 shortcuts, 7 shown in official documents, 6 projects involved; the first card sets the safeguard beside what happened.
/shortcuts · the safeguard vs what happened
The voices page with consent and community records.
/voices · 14 records
10The pages · 5 of 5

How the numbers are worked out

Methodology: 11 inputs and every formula behind the model — forest per GWh stored, round-trip loss (100 units in, about 77.5 out), emissions on today’s grid, and battery vs pumped storage tariffs from recent tenders. It is labelled a model, not a measurement, and every input names its source.

Glossary: 44 terms in plain words — ToR, EC, FC, ESA, gram sabha — grouped by category, each with its own link.

About: the source policy, the full outlet list, corrections, the right of reply to developers, and the data downloads.

forest ÷ GWh 100 in → 77.5 out every input listed i A–Z
The methodology page with the model's inputs and formulas.
/methodology · 11 inputs
The glossary page with grouped terms.
/glossary · 44 terms
The about page's download section listing projects.json, timeline.json, news.json, citations.json, glossary.json, model-params.json, citations.csv, stats.json and the RSS feed.
/about · download the data
11How it was made · the sources

One row for every number

No number is typed into the copy. Each one is a token that reads a row in data/citations.json, and the build fails if a token doesn’t resolve.

  • 466 citation rows: 448 quoted word for word, 13 derived from other rows, and 5 still flagged (2 unlocated, 3 unreachable).
  • Each row keeps the document, its PDF page, the exact sentence and an evidence label. The ⓘ bubble shows it and links to url#page=N.
  • Sources are official documents first — all 42 forest committee minutes on Parivesh, expert committee minutes, MPCB EIA summaries, clearances — then 75 vetted outlets, 50 of them allowed for the daily sync.
  • Checking every number against its page corrected 6 figures, including Karjat’s tree count.
"id": "project:saidongar-1-karjat:trees",
"value": 48557,  "unit": "trees",
"evidence": "documented",
"status": "quoted",
"docTitle": "FAC minutes, 2 Dec 2025",
"outletId": "moefcc-parivesh",
"page": 177,
"quote": "Also, the proposal involves
  felling of 48557 number of trees."
p. 177 the PDF “felling of 48557 trees” documented quoted words one row citations.json 48,557 i on the site
12How it was made · the build

Git is the database; a build is the check

  1. Storage — one JSON file per entity in data/: projects, timeline, news, shortcuts, consent, ecology, outlets, glossary, facts, citations. Every change is a commit.
  2. Data layer — zod schemas are the one definition of every shape; loaders, cross-file integrity checks, selectors, the energy model and the { en, mr } text helpers sit on top.
  3. Pages — Astro renders each page once per language into one static URL. A schema error fails the build, so bad data never ships.
  4. Daily sync — a Claude scheduled task runs the sync-ghats-data skill at 07:40 IST: search whitelisted outlets, dedupe, add as unreviewed, validate, commit.
  5. Hosting — Cloudflare Pages rebuilds on every push.
2 days · 27–28 Oct 202638 commits51 pages × 2 languages43 tests (vitest)Built with Claude Code
commit, check, ship 07:40 { } { } astro pages.dev { }

Read it, check a number, and share a page: are-psp-useful.pages.dev. Code is MIT; data and text are CC BY 4.0.